Anti-inflammatory Activity of Kheaw-Hom Remedy in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Macrophage Cells and Carrageenan-induced Paw Edema in Rats

Authors

• Kanmanee Sukkasem, Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
• Arunporn Itharat, Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
• Krittiya Thisayakorn, Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Pathum Thani, Thailand
• Sumalee Panthong, Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
• Sunita Makchuchit, Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
• Janjira Inprasit, Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
• Nuntika Prommee, Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
• Wicheian Khoenok, Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Pathum Thani, Thailand
• Kanjana Sriyam, Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Pathum Thani, Thailand
• Darunee Pahusee, Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Pathum Thani, Thailand

Keywords

Kheaw-Hom remedy, Anti-inflammatory activity, Carrageenan-induced paw edema, In vitro, In vivo

Abstract

Introduction: Kheaw-Hom (KH) remedy has been widely used to treat inflammation and fever in children with measles and chickenpox. However, its anti-inflammatory activity, both in vitro and in vivo, has not been scientifically tested.

Objectives: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of KH remedy.

Methods: The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract (KHA) and ethanolic extract (KHE) were investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂ ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of KHE and KH powder (KHP) was determined using carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and the PGE₂ production in tissue samples was examined using ELISA kit.

Results: KHE exhibited anti-inflammatory activities through the suppression of PGE₂ , NO, and TNF-α production with IC₅₀ values of 19.69 ± 2.09, 39.93 ± 3.28, and 85.07 ± 2.61 μg/ mL, respectively, while KHA did not. Interestingly, KHP orally administered at the dose of 100 mg/kg significantly reduced rat paw edema at 1, 2, and 3 hours (37.25%, 25.00%, and 27.09%, respectively) while KHE at the dose of 100 mg/kg noticeably reduced at 2 and 3 hours (21.67% and 19.49%) after carrageenan injection. KHP at the dose of 100 mg/kg showed maximum inhibition of PGE₂ production with the PGE₂ levels of 15.46 ± 1.33 ng/mL.

Conclusions: The findings from in vivo study strongly parallel the results of the in vitro study and support the traditional use of KH as a potent anti-inflammatory and antipyretic remedy.

Recommended Citation

Sukkasem, Kanmanee; Itharat, Arunporn; Thisayakorn, Krittiya; Panthong, Sumalee; Makchuchit, Sunita; Inprasit, Janjira; Prommee, Nuntika; Khoenok, Wicheian; Sriyam, Kanjana; and Pahusee, Darunee. 2022 Anti-inflammatory Activity of Kheaw-Hom Remedy in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Macrophage Cells and Carrageenan-induced Paw Edema in Rats. Asian Medical Journal and Alternative Medicine. 22, 4 (Aug. 2022), Sukkasem, K., Itharat, A., Thisayakorn, K., Panthong, S., Makchuchit, S., Inprasit, J., Prommee, N., Khoenok, W., Sriyam, K. and Pahusee, D. 2022. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Kheaw-Hom Remedy in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Macrophage Cells and Carrageenan-induced Paw Edema in Rats. Asian Medical Journal and Alternative Medicine. 22, - (Aug. 2022), S108. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14456/2022s10717.-.
Available at: https://doi.org/10.70933/2773-9465.1233

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